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Home > Greenhouse Test: Evaluating Wheel and Tire Performance Under High-Temperature Conditions

Greenhouse Test: Evaluating Wheel and Tire Performance Under High-Temperature Conditions

The Greenhouse Test is designed to simulate extreme conditions, such as when a wheel and tire assembly is exposed to high temperatures during transport in direct sunlight. This test is conducted in accordance with ISO 4210-7:2023, section 4.4, ensuring the assembly's performance and reliability under such stress.


Test Standard

To perform the Greenhouse Test, a fully assembled wheel—complete with a correctly mounted and inflated tire—is placed in a high-temperature chamber. The test lasts for 4 hours and follows the ISO 4210 guidelines, with the following key performance criteria:
  • No component failure; 
  • No tire separation from the rim;
  • Rim width deviation before and after heating must not exceed 5%;
  • Lateral and radial runout must remain within 0.3mm;
  • Tire pressure loss should not exceed 10%

Test Goal

The primary goal of the Greenhouse Test is to ensure the tire-wheel assembly maintains its safety and performance characteristics after being subjected to high temperatures, mirroring real-world conditions during transport or storage.

Test Equipment

A high-temperature chamber is used to replicate the elevated heat conditions. During testing, the chamber is set to a temperature range of 80-85°C. The wheel is placed in the chamber for 4 hours, and both the lateral and radial runouts, as well as the trueness and dishing of the wheel, are measured before and after the test.

Test Procedure

The Greenhouse Test is a detailed, multi-step process that includes wheel building, tire inflation, heating, and post-test measurements.

Step 1: Verify Tire Heatability
  • Mount the tire and add the appropriate amount of tire sealant.
  • Inflate the tire to the lower maximum pressure recommendation between the rim and tire manufacturer’s guidelines.
  • Heat the wheel-tire setup at 40°C for 4 hours, checking that pressure loss remains within 5%.

Step 2: Build the Wheel to Ideal Specifications. Measure and record the lateral and radial runouts, as well as the centering of the wheel before heating.

Step 3: Measure Rim Width - Measure the rim's outer width at both the spoke holes and between the spoke holes, and record the data for reference.

Step 4: Mount and Inflate the Tire
  • Mount the tire (either tubeless or tubed) and inflate it according to the lower max pressure recommendation.
  • Measure the rim width again, following the same method as Step 3, and record the measurements.

Step 5: Conduct the Greenhouse Test
  • Place the wheel into the high-temperature chamber, set to 80-85°C, and let it heat for 4 hours.
  • After the test, remove the wheel and allow it to cool to room temperature for 1 hour.
  • Measure and record the tire pressure and room temperature after cooling.

Step 6: Post-Test Measurements
  • Reinflate the tire to match the pre-heating pressure.
  • Measure and record the lateral runout, trueness, and rim outer width, as done in Step 3.

Step 7: Dismount and Final Measurements
  • Dismount the tire and re-measure the rim width, lateral and radial runouts, and centering.
  • Calculate the deviation in measurements before and after heating to assess the impact of the test.

Sample Test Report

Example profile

Model

Size

Width

Depth

Weight (Stated)

Hub

Spokes

Tire

R23-55

700C (622-23)

23/28.5mm

55mm

415g

DT SWISS 350 24H

Sapim CX Ray

Maxxis Pursuer 700*25C

Pre-Heating Measurements

Parameter

Without Tire

With Tire

Lateral Run-Out

0.10mm

0.12mm

Roundness

0.15mm

0.16mm

Max Rim Outer Width

28.61mm

28.65mm

Tire Pressure

N/A

128PSI

Post-Heating Measurements


Parameter

Without Tire

With Tire

Lateral Run-Out

0.13mm

0.15mm

Roundness

0.17mm

0.19mm

Max Rim Outer Width

28.72mm

28.74mm

Tire Pressure

N/A

122PSI

Width Measurement Chart


Stage Outer Width Measurements

Pre-Heating (Without Tire)

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#12

28.59

28.52

28.60

28.63

28.53

28.61

28.60

28.55

28.59

28.58

28.53

28.54

#13

#14

#15

#16

#17

#18

#19

#20

#21

#22

#23

#24

28.55

28.60

28.59

28.58

28.53

28.51

28.53

28.56

28.58

28.51

28.60

28.53

#25

#26

#27

#28

#29

#30

#31

#32

#33

#34

#35

#36

28.55

28.54

28.57

28.60

28.61

28.59

28.58

28.57

28.54

28.53

28.57

28.56

#37

#38

#39

#40

#41

#42

#43

#44

#45

#46

#47

#48

28.55

28.59

28.53

28.51

28.57

28.54

28.55

28.51

28.52

28.59

28.60

28.61

Pre-Heating (With Tire)

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#12

28.59

28.54

28.53

28.57

28.61

28.64

28.65

28.60

28.58

28.54

28.51

28.57

#13

#14

#15

#16

#17

#18

#19

#20

#21

#22

#23

#24

28.61

28.62

28.65

28.64

28.61

28.57

28.52

28.61

28.63

28.57

28.64

28.56

#25

#26

#27

#28

#29

#30

#31

#32

#33

#34

#35

#36

28.58

28.57

28.59

28.62

28.65

28.63

28.60

28.59

28.58

28.53

28.62

28.59

#37

#38

#39

#40

#41

#42

#43

#44

#45

#46

#47

#48

28.58

28.60

28.57

28.60

28.63

28.65

28.61

28.60

28.59

28.58

28.62

28.61

Heat at 80℃ for 4 hours. Cooling down for 1 hour.

Post-Heating (Without Tire)

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#12
28.69 28.70 28.66 28.68 28.69 28.71 28.72 28.68 28.67 28.65 28.61 28.64

#13

#14

#15

#16

#17

#18

#19

#20

#21

#22

#23

#24
28.70 28.71 28.71 28.70 28.69 28.71 28.68 28.67 28.64 28.68 28.66 28.63

#25

#26

#27

#28

#29

#30

#31

#32

#33

#34

#35

#36
28.66 28.64 28.65 28.69 28.71 28.72 28.69 28.64 28.67 28.61 28.70 28.64

#37

#38

#39

#40

#41

#42

#43

#44

#45

#46

#47

#48
28.68 28.65 28.62 28.64 28.68 28.69 28.68 28.63 28.64 28.66 28.69 28.64

Post-Heating (With Tire)

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#12
28.71 28.70 28.69 28.67 28.71 28.73 28.72 28.70 28.68 28.70 28.65 28.66

#13

#14

#15

#16

#17

#18

#19

#20

#21

#22

#23

#24
28.73 28.71 28.72 28.72 28.72 28.71 28.69 28.68 28.67 28.70 28.68 28.68

#25

#26

#27

#28

#29

#30

#31

#32

#33

#34

#35

#36
28.68 28.65 28.66 28.69 28.73 28.74 28.71 28.67 28.68 28.66 28.71 28.69

#37

#38

#39

#40

#41

#42

#43

#44

#45

#46

#47

#48
28.69 28.68 28.66 28.65 28.69 28.69 28.70 28.68 28.65 28.66 28.69 28.69

According to the rim width data, the width deviation before and after the heating test is within 5%. Test passed. By conducting this greenhouse test, we ensure that our wheels and tire setups can withstand real-world stressors while maintaining safety, reliability, and optimal performance.
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